{
  "article_author": [
    {
      "firstname": "Jenny",
      "lastname": "\u00d6hman"
    }
  ],
  "civil_status": "Gift",
  "civil_status_eng": "Married",
  "education": [
    {
      "description": "St\u00e5ndsm\u00e4ssig uppfostran vid hovet",
      "place": {
        "pin": {
          "lat": 47.0708678,
          "lon": 15.4382786
        },
        "place": "Graz, \u00d6sterrike"
      },
      "type": "Privatundervisning i hemmet"
    }
  ],
  "furtherreference": [
    {
      "description": "'Anna', *Svenskt biografiskt lexikon* (art av Hj. Bergstrand), (H\u00e4mtad 2020-09-16)",
      "type": "Uppslagsverk",
      "type_eng": "Encyclopaedia",
      "url": "https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/artikel/18720"
    },
    {
      "description": "Om drottning Anna",
      "description_eng": "About drottning Anna",
      "type": "LIBRIS",
      "type_eng": "LIBRIS",
      "url": "http://libris.kb.se/hitlist?q=AMNE%3A%28Anna+drottning+av+Sverige+och+Polen+1573+1598%29&d=libris&m=10&p=1&hist=true&noredirect=true"
    },
    {
      "description": "Dobner, Hanna, *Briefwechsel zwischen Erzherzogin Maria von Inner\u00f6sterreich und ihrer Tochter Anna, K\u00f6nigin von Polen und Schweden, w\u00e4hrend ihres Aufenthaltes in Schweden 1593/1594*, Masterarbeit, University of Vienna. Historisch-Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakult\u00e4t, 2015 (H\u00e4mtad 2020-09-16)",
      "type": "Litteratur",
      "type_eng": "Literature",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.25365/thesis.38905"
    }
  ],
  "id": [
    {
      "id": "0000000000000000",
      "type": "ISNI"
    }
  ],
  "internal_comment": "Saknar ISNI: OBS: osedvanligt namnkr\u00e5nglig drottning, men har s\u00f6kt p\u00e5 alla varianter jag kunnat komma p\u00e5 utan att hitta, + att Wikipedia inte anger ngt ISNI som auktoritetsdata, s\u00e5 det f\u00e5r vara s\u00e5 l\u00e4nge; L\u00c5;",
  "keyword": [
    "1500-talet",
    "Drottningar"
  ],
  "keyword_eng": [
    "16th century",
    "Queens"
  ],
  "lastmodified": "2021-05-18T14:55:31",
  "lexiconName": "skbl",
  "lexiconOrder": 28,
  "lifespan": {
    "age": 24,
    "from": {
      "date": {
        "comment": "1573-08-16",
        "date": "1573-08-16"
      },
      "place": {
        "parish": "",
        "pin": {
          "lat": 47.0708678,
          "lon": 15.4382786
        },
        "place": "Graz, \u00d6sterrike"
      }
    },
    "to": {
      "date": {
        "comment": "1598-01-31",
        "date": "1598-01-31"
      },
      "place": {
        "parish": "",
        "pin": {
          "lat": 52.22977,
          "lon": 21.01178
        },
        "place": "Warszawa, Polen"
      }
    }
  },
  "name": {
    "firstname": "/Anna/, drottning",
    "sortname": "/Anna/, drottning"
  },
  "num_children": 5,
  "occupation": [
    {
      "description": "Drottning av Sverige och Polen",
      "detail": "Drottning av Sverige och Polen",
      "from": {
        "comment": "1592",
        "date": "1592"
      },
      "to": {
        "comment": "1598",
        "date": "1598"
      },
      "type": "Yrke",
      "type_eng": "Profession"
    }
  ],
  "othernames": [
    {
      "name": "Anna Konstantia Habsburg",
      "type": "Alternativ namnform",
      "type_eng": "Alternate name"
    },
    {
      "mk_link": true,
      "name": "Anna av \u00d6sterrike",
      "type": "Alternativ namnform",
      "type_eng": "Alternate name"
    }
  ],
  "places": [
    {
      "from": {
        "comment": "1573",
        "date": "1573"
      },
      "place": {
        "pin": {
          "lat": 47.0708678,
          "lon": 15.4382786
        },
        "place": "Graz, \u00d6sterrike"
      },
      "to": {
        "comment": "?"
      }
    },
    {
      "from": {
        "comment": ""
      },
      "place": {
        "pin": {
          "lat": 50.06465,
          "lon": 19.94498
        },
        "place": "Krak\u00f3w, Polen"
      }
    },
    {
      "from": {
        "comment": "1594",
        "date": "1594"
      },
      "place": {
        "pin": {
          "lat": 59.329323,
          "lon": 18.068581
        },
        "place": "Stockholm"
      }
    },
    {
      "from": {
        "comment": "?"
      },
      "place": {
        "pin": {
          "lat": 52.22977,
          "lon": 21.01178
        },
        "place": "Warszawa, Polen"
      },
      "to": {
        "comment": "1598",
        "date": "1598"
      }
    }
  ],
  "portrait": [
    {
      "description": "Anna, drottning av Sverige och Polen, cirka 1595. M\u00e5lning (olja p\u00e5 duk) av Martin Kober (1550-1598). Foto: Kaho Mitsuki, 2017 (Wikimedia Commons)",
      "description_eng": "Anna, Queen of Sweden and Poland, circa 1595. Painting (oil on canvas) by Martin Kober (1550-1598). Photo: Kaho Mitsuki, 2017 (Wikimedia Commons)",
      "url": "https://spraakbanken.gu.se/karp/data/skbl/files/Anna_av_Osterrike.jpg"
    }
  ],
  "publication_date": "2020-09-16",
  "relation": [
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1551-03-21",
        "date": "1551-03-21"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1608-04-22",
        "date": "1608-04-22"
      },
      "firstname": "Maria Anna av Bayern",
      "type": "Mor",
      "type_eng": "Mother"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1540-06-03",
        "date": "1540-06-03"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1590-07-10",
        "date": "1590-07-10"
      },
      "firstname": "Karl II av Inre \u00d6sterrike",
      "occupation": "\u00c4rkehertig",
      "type": "Far",
      "type_eng": "Father"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1574",
        "date": "1574"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1621",
        "date": "1621"
      },
      "firstname": "Maria Christina",
      "type": "Syster",
      "type_eng": "Sister"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1578-07-09",
        "date": "1578-07-09"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1637-02-15",
        "date": "1637-02-15"
      },
      "firstname": "Ferdinand II",
      "occupation": "Tysk-Romersk kejsare",
      "type": "Bror",
      "type_eng": "Brother"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1584",
        "date": "1584"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1611",
        "date": "1611"
      },
      "firstname": "Margareta av Inre \u00d6sterrike",
      "occupation": "Drottning av Spanien",
      "type": "Syster",
      "type_eng": "Sister"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1586",
        "date": "1586"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1632",
        "date": "1632"
      },
      "firstname": "Leopold V av Tyrolen",
      "occupation": "\u00c4rkehertig, biskop",
      "type": "Bror",
      "type_eng": "Brother"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1588",
        "date": "1588"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1631",
        "date": "1631"
      },
      "firstname": "Konstantia av Inre \u00d6sterrike",
      "occupation": "Drottning av Polen",
      "type": "Syster",
      "type_eng": "Sister"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1589",
        "date": "1589"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1631",
        "date": "1631"
      },
      "firstname": "Maria Magdalena av Inre \u00d6sterrike",
      "type": "Syster",
      "type_eng": "Sister"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1590",
        "date": "1590"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1624",
        "date": "1624"
      },
      "firstname": "Karl av Inre \u00d6sterrike",
      "occupation": "\u00c4rkehertig, biskop",
      "type": "Bror",
      "type_eng": "Brother"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1566-06-20",
        "date": "1566-06-20"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1632-04-30",
        "date": "1632-04-30"
      },
      "firstname": "Sigismund",
      "from": {
        "comment": "1592",
        "date": "1592"
      },
      "lastname": "Vasa",
      "occupation": "Kung av Sverige och Polen",
      "to": {
        "comment": "1598",
        "date": "1598"
      },
      "type": "Make",
      "type_eng": "Husband"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1593-05-23",
        "date": "1593-05-23"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1600-02-09",
        "date": "1600-02-09"
      },
      "firstname": "Anna Maria",
      "type": "Dotter",
      "type_eng": "Daughter"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1594-04-19",
        "date": "1594-04-19"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1594-05-15",
        "date": "1594-05-15"
      },
      "firstname": "Katarina",
      "type": "Dotter",
      "type_eng": "Daughter"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1595-06-09",
        "date": "1595-06-09"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1648-05-20",
        "date": "1648-05-20"
      },
      "firstname": "Vladislav",
      "occupation": "Kung av Polen",
      "type": "Son",
      "type_eng": "Son"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1596-09-27",
        "date": "1596-09-27"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1597-06-11",
        "date": "1597-06-11"
      },
      "firstname": "Katarina",
      "type": "Dotter",
      "type_eng": "Daughter"
    },
    {
      "born": {
        "comment": "1598-02-10",
        "date": "1598-02-10"
      },
      "death": {
        "comment": "1598-02-10",
        "date": "1598-02-10"
      },
      "firstname": "Kristoffer",
      "type": "Son",
      "type_eng": "Son"
    }
  ],
  "skbl_status": "OK",
  "source": [
    {
      "description": "Katrin  Keller,  *Erzherzogin Maria von Inner\u00f6sterreich (1551-1608): zwischen Habsburg und Wittelsbach*, Wien, 2012",
      "type": "Litteratur",
      "type_eng": "Literature"
    },
    {
      "description": "Roth, Elke, *Erzherzogin Anna Von Inner\u00f6sterreich, K\u00f6nigin Von Polen Und Schweden : Leben U. Stellung in D. Habsburgischen Politik Ihrer Zeit 1573-1598*, [1967] [opublicerad avhandling]",
      "type": "Litteratur",
      "type_eng": "Literature"
    },
    {
      "description": "Hamann, Brigitte (Hg.), *Die Habsburger: ein biographisches Lexikon*, Wien, 1993",
      "type": "Uppslagsverk",
      "type_eng": "Encyclopaedia"
    }
  ],
  "subtitle": "Drottning av Sverige och Polen",
  "subtitle_eng": "Queen of Sweden and Poland",
  "text": "Drottning Anna, \u00e4rkehertiginna, var drottning av Polen och Sverige.\n\nDrottning Anna f\u00f6ddes 1573 i Graz, d\u00e4r hon ocks\u00e5 v\u00e4xte upp tillsammans med sina fjorton syskon. F\u00f6r\u00e4ldrarna var Karl av Inre \u00d6sterrike och Maria av Bayern. Hon fick namnet Anna efter sin moders mor, hertiginnan Anna av Bayern, och faderns mor, Anna av Ungern, kejsar Ferdinand I:s gem\u00e5l. Karls \u00e4ldre bror Maximilian var habsburgsk kejsare (Maximilian II) och tv\u00e5 av Karls brors\u00f6ner likas\u00e5 (Rudolf II och Mattias). B\u00e5de Rudolf II och Mattias dog barnl\u00f6sa, d\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00f6vergick den habsburgska kronan till Ferdinand II, Karls och Marias \u00e4ldste son, tillika Annas bror.\n\nDrottning Anna blev str\u00e4ngt katolskt uppfostrad och hennes kunskaper i latin var ovanligt stora. Hennes mor Maria hade tillsammans med sina br\u00f6der f\u00e5tt en utm\u00e4rkt undervisning och s\u00e5g till att \u00e4ven hennes barn fick det.\n\nEftersom familjen Habsburg var skickliga i gifterm\u00e5lspolitik, diskuterades l\u00e4mpliga kandidater f\u00f6r drottning Anna. I en skrift fr\u00e5n 1585 finns det f\u00f6rsta f\u00f6rslaget p\u00e5 make och d\u00e4r n\u00e4mns Sigismund tillsammans med en beskrivning av Sverige, ett f\u00f6r Centraleuropa exotiskt land. Familjen i Bayern f\u00f6rde fram Henrik II av Lothringen som ett andra gifterm\u00e5lsf\u00f6rslag. En f\u00f6rbindelse med Lothringen hade varit f\u00f6rdelaktig med tanke p\u00e5 familjen Habsburgs gamla strid med Frankrike. Drottning Annas mor Maria hade f\u00f6redragit det lothringska projektet, men n\u00e4r det misslyckades ville hon g\u00e5 vidare med Sverige. N\u00e4r Karl dog 1590 var \u00e4nnu ingen av de \u00e5tta d\u00f6ttrarna bortlovade och han skrev i sitt testamente att de endast skulle giftas bort med katolska, furstliga personer.\n\nDet svenska projektet blev aktuellt igen 1589, f\u00f6rmodligen f\u00f6r att kejsaren ville st\u00e4rka sin position i Polen. Sigismund uttalade sig positivt till att gifta sig med n\u00e5gon av prinsessorna i Graz, men han avsl\u00f6jade inte vilken av dem han \u00e5syftade. I mitten av mars 1591 kom brudf\u00f6rhandlaren Jerzy Radziwi\u0142\u0142 till Graz och anh\u00f6ll hos Maria om en av hennes d\u00f6ttrar, men han specificerade inte vilken. Slutligen best\u00e4mde sig Sigismund f\u00f6r den \u00e4ldsta dottern Anna. Men hon tyckte att han hade v\u00e4ntat lite v\u00e4l l\u00e4nge med att best\u00e4mma sig. Dessutom uttalade hon misstro mot det lutherska Sverige. Under sommaren 1591 ut\u00f6vades ett starkt tryck p\u00e5 den unga \u00e4rkehertiginnan, som gav med sig till slut.\n\nUnder v\u00e5ren 1592 slutf\u00f6rdes alla f\u00f6rhandlingar betr\u00e4ffande gifterm\u00e5let och den 5 maj 1592 genomf\u00f6rdes vigseln per procuratorem i Wien. D\u00e4refter reste drottning Anna mot Polen. Maria valde att f\u00f6lja med sin dotter. F\u00f6ljet bestod av 328 personer och 558 h\u00e4star. N\u00e4r s\u00e4llskapet n\u00e4rmade sig Krak\u00f3w hade storartade f\u00f6rberedelser gjorts; slottet var nym\u00e5lat och n\u00e4rbel\u00e4gna gator och hus rengjorda. Fem turkiska t\u00e4lt hade st\u00e4llts upp utanf\u00f6r staden f\u00f6r att v\u00e4lkomna bruden och i ett av t\u00e4lten v\u00e4ntade Sigismund. N\u00e4r Anna n\u00e4rmade sig, skickade han en vackert smyckad brudvagn till m\u00f6tes. Mellan Sigismunds och Annas t\u00e4lt hade en gyllene himmel sp\u00e4nts upp. Under den m\u00f6ttes brudparet f\u00f6r f\u00f6rsta g\u00e5ngen. F\u00e4rden gick sedan vidare in mot Krak\u00f3w. Sigismund ledsagades av de kejserliga kommissarierna. Drottning Anna hade tillsammans med sin mor tagit plats i brudvagnen. Brudparet v\u00e4lkomnades med sammanlagt fem \u00e4roportar.\n\nDen 31 maj var det s\u00e5v\u00e4l vigsel- som kr\u00f6ningsdag i Krak\u00f3w. Vigseln mellan drottning Anna och Sigismund \u00e4gde rum i domkyrkan. Dagen efter vigseln avsade sig drottning Anna alla arvsanspr\u00e5k i \u00d6sterrike, vilket ocks\u00e5 bekr\u00e4ftades av Sigismund. Nu f\u00f6ljde festligheter i flera dagar. P\u00e5 den unga brudens axlar vilade stora f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntningar; familjen Habsburg hoppades att v\u00e4nskapsbandet med det polska kungahuset skulle st\u00e4rkas. D\u00e4rigenom hoppades man att ett gemensamt f\u00f6rbund mot det osmanska riket skulle uppr\u00e4ttas. Dessutom var f\u00f6rhoppningen att den str\u00e4ngt katolskt uppfostrade drottningen skulle hj\u00e4lpa till att \u00e5terf\u00f6ra det lutherska landet Sverige till den gamla kyrkan.\n\nBrudparet firade sin smekm\u00e5nad i Lobshof n\u00e4ra Krak\u00f3w. Efter\u00e5t, under resan till Warszawa d\u00e4r riksdag skulle h\u00e5llas, fick Anna m\u00f6jlighet att se en del av sitt nya hemland. Nedteckningarna vittnar om att resan gick genom ett fattigt land. Drottning Anna fortsatte sitt fromma liv \u00e4ven i Polen. Hon utspisade fattiga och skickade sin biktfader pengar till sjukhus och till fattigas bost\u00e4der f\u00f6r att ge hj\u00e4lp.\n\nN\u00e4r Annas sv\u00e4rfar, Johan III, dog i november 1592, var Sigismund fast besluten att resa till Sverige och antr\u00e4da regeringen i sitt arvkungarike. Drottning Anna \u00e4mnade f\u00f6lja med sin make, men hon var gravid och resan fick v\u00e4nta. V\u00e5ren 1593 nedkom hon med parets f\u00f6rsta barn, en dotter som fick namnet Anna Maria. Under sommaren, n\u00e4r kungaparet avreste till Sverige, stannade den nyf\u00f6dda lilla dottern kvar i Polen. Under vistelsen i Sverige spelade drottning Anna en politisk roll som Sigismunds f\u00f6rtrogna. Med tanke p\u00e5 hennes starka katolska \u00f6vertygelse sattes snart religionsfr\u00e5gan p\u00e5 sin spets. Det fanns ingen katolsk kyrka i hela Sverige och drottningen f\u00f6rr\u00e4ttade sin morgonm\u00e4ssa i det tidigare hovkapellet. Sigismund planerade att efter faderns begravning beg\u00e4ra att f\u00e5 anv\u00e4nda den stora Hovkyrkan. Dessutom var sj\u00e4lva kr\u00f6ningsceremonin en st\u00f6testen. Sigismund ville f\u00e5 en katolsk pr\u00e4st till Uppsala, n\u00e5got m\u00e5nga, med hertig Karl i spetsen, motsatte sig. P\u00e5 slottet Drottningholm \u00e5terst\u00e4llde Sigismund sin mammas kapell och anf\u00f6rtrodde det till en jesuit. Drottning Anna h\u00f6ll fast i sin vana, att utspisa tolv fattiga varje vecka, vilket v\u00e4ckte f\u00f6rundran i Sverige. Pr\u00e4sterskapet i Sverige oroade sig f\u00f6r att den unga drottningens popularitet skulle \u00f6ka. Hertig Karl gjorde sitt b\u00e4sta f\u00f6r att svartm\u00e5la brorsonen. Det blev oro i landet och i denna anda gick f\u00e4rden till Uppsala f\u00f6r att begrava Johan III. Det fanns \u00e4ven meningsskiljaktigheter ang\u00e5ende kr\u00f6ningens f\u00f6rfarande. Sigismund ville inte bli kr\u00f6nt och sm\u00f6rjd av en protestantisk biskop, men han fick ge efter f\u00f6r de protestantiska kraven. Det gjorde drottning Anna best\u00f6rt och kr\u00f6ningen k\u00e4ndes f\u00f6r henne som en tom ceremoni utan religi\u00f6st inneh\u00e5ll.\n\nKr\u00f6ningen \u00e4gde rum den 19 februari 1594 i Uppsala. Vid kr\u00f6ningen v\u00e4grade Sigismund att ta av sig handskarna n\u00e4r han skulle sm\u00f6rjas. D\u00e4refter kr\u00f6ntes drottning Anna. Hon hade redan i f\u00f6rv\u00e4g best\u00e4mt att hon inte ville sm\u00f6rjas. Avslutningsvis sj\u00f6ngs *Te Deum* p\u00e5 svenska. Kr\u00f6ningen varade \u00f6ver fyra timmar och drottningen, som pl\u00e5gades av graviditetsbesv\u00e4r, fann inget n\u00f6je i den. P\u00e5 banketten efter\u00e5t \u00f6ppnade drottningen och kungen dansen, d\u00e4refter drog de sig tillbaka till sina gemak.\n\nTio dagar efter kr\u00f6ningen i Uppsala \u00e5terv\u00e4nde kungaparet till Stockholm. Oron i Sverige hade inte lagt sig och m\u00e5nga var misst\u00e4nksamma gentemot sin nya kung. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r kunde inte drottning Anna och Sigismund l\u00e4mna Sverige omedelbart, eftersom planer f\u00f6r styret under den tid kungen inte befann sig i landet skulle g\u00f6ras upp. Sigismund satte sin farbror, hertig Karl, som regent tillsammans med riksr\u00e5den, men med f\u00f6rbud att sammankalla till riksdag.\n\nHemresan fick kungaparet skjuta p\u00e5 \u00e4nd\u00e5 med tanke p\u00e5 drottning Anna graviditet. Hennes nedkomst var ber\u00e4knad till b\u00f6rjan av maj och dessf\u00f6rinnan kunde hon inte resa. F\u00f6rlossningen gick bra, men barnet, hennes andra dotter, var svagt. Hon n\u00f6dd\u00f6ptes till Katharina och dog knappt en m\u00e5nad gammal. M\u00e5nga f\u00f6rundrades \u00f6ver att drottningen inte verkade s\u00f6rja sitt barn. Det f\u00f6rklarades med att det som h\u00f6ll henne uppe var hennes totala underkastelse till Gud. Drottning Anna var glad \u00f6ver att hennes dotter hunnit d\u00f6pas, s\u00e5 att hon inte dog som hedning. Men samtidigt s\u00e5g hon dotterns d\u00f6d som ett straff, eftersom hon inte d\u00f6pts katolskt. Hon l\u00e4t m\u00e5la av sitt d\u00f6da barn och ordnade sj\u00e4lv med balsameringen och kl\u00e4dseln. Flickan lades i en tennsarg och f\u00f6rdes till Polen, d\u00e4r hon begravdes i Krak\u00f3w.\n\nUnder vistelsen i Sverige hade drottning Anna l\u00e4ngtat tillbaka till Polen, hon kunde inte riktigt k\u00e4nna sig lycklig i ett protestantiskt land och var glad n\u00e4r de i augusti \u00e5ter var i Polen. Tronf\u00f6ljaren l\u00e4t v\u00e4nta p\u00e5 sig ytterligare en tid, men i juni 1595 nedkom Anna med en son, som fick namnet Vladislaus (Vladislav).\n\nDrottning Anna var djupt religi\u00f6s och den katolska tron pr\u00e4glade hennes liv. Hon tillbringade mycket tid i b\u00f6n, och var gener\u00f6s med g\u00e5vor som hon f\u00f6rmedlade via sin biktfader till exempelvis sjukhus, fattiga och till olika kyrkor. Hon har karakteriserats som lugn, v\u00e4nlig och inte alls f\u00e5f\u00e4ng. \u00c4ktenskapet med Sigismund var, trots att det var arrangerat, lyckligt och hon var ofta hans r\u00e5dgivare i politiska fr\u00e5gor, \u00e4ven om hon h\u00f6ll sig i bakgrunden. \u00c5r 1597 miste hon \u00e4nnu en dotter, som inte hann bli ett \u00e5r.\n\nUnder vintern 1598 grasserade en sv\u00e5r influensaliknande sjukdom, som drottning Anna smittades av. Hennes tillst\u00e5nd f\u00f6rs\u00e4mrades kraftigt och i februari 1598 dog hon. Efter hennes d\u00f6d togs barnet ut, en pojke som visade svaga livstecken, men han dog strax efter n\u00f6ddopet, som gett honom namnet Christoph. Sigismund s\u00f6rjde sin hustru djupt och ville inte b\u00e4ra gl\u00e4nsande kl\u00e4der p\u00e5 tre \u00e5r. N\u00e4r det var dags att s\u00f6ka en ny hustru, bad han sv\u00e4rmor Maria om r\u00e5d och hans andra hustru blev Konstanze, Annas lillasyster.",
  "text_eng": "Archduchess Anna was Queen of Poland and Sweden. \n\nQueen Anna was born in 1573 in Graz, where she also grew up with her fourteen siblings. Her parents were Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. She was named Anna after her maternal grandmother, Duchess Anna of Bavaria, and her paternal grandmother, Anna of Hungary, the consort of Emperor Ferdinand I. Charles\u2019s older brother was Maximilian II, the Holy Roman Emperor of the House of Habsburg as were two of Charles\u2019s nephews (Rudolf II and Mattias). Both Rudolf II and Mattias died childless, so the Habsburg crown passed therefore to Ferdinand II, Charles\u2019s and Maria\u2019s eldest son and Anna\u2019s brother.\n\nQueen Anna had a strict Catholic upbringing in a convent and her knowledge of Latin was unusually extensive. Her mother Maria had received an excellent education along with her brothers and she saw to it that her children also did. Since the Habsburg family were clever at making political marriages, suitable candidates were discussed for Queen Anna. In a document from 1585, there is a first suggestion as to a husband, naming Sigismund as well as a description of Sweden, an exotic country from a central European perspective. The family in Bavaria suggested Henry II, Duke of Lorraine as a possible candidate for marriage. A connection with Lorraine would have been advantageous considering the Habsburg family\u2019s old feud against France. Queen Anna\u2019s mother Maria would have preferred the Lorraine project, but when it failed she wanted to continue with Sweden. \n\nWhen Charles died in 1590, none of his eight daughters was yet betrothed and he wrote in his will that they were only to be married to aristocratic, Catholic persons. The Swedish project was on the cards again in 1589, probably because the Emperor wanted to strengthen his position in Poland. Sigismund responded positively to the idea of marrying one of the princesses in Graz, but he did not reveal which one he meant. In mid-March 1591, the bridal negotiator Jerzy\nRadziwi\u0142\u0142 arrived in Graz and asked Maria for the hand of one of her daughters, but he did not specify which. In the end, Sigismund decided in favour of the eldest daughter Anna. However, she thought that he had been rather too slow in deciding. In addition, she expressed her distrust of Lutheran Sweden. During the summer of 1591, heavy pressure was brought to bear on the young Archduchess, who in the end gave in. \n\nDuring the spring of 1592, all the negotiations were completed concerning the marriage and on 5 May 1592, the marriage was performed with a stand-in for Sigismund in Vienna. Afterwards, Queen Anna travelled to Poland. Maria chose to accompany her daughter. The entourage consisted of 328 people and 558 horses. When they approached Krak\u00f3w, grand preparations had been made. The castle was newly painted and neighbouring streets and houses had been cleaned. Five Turkish tents had been set up outside the town to welcome the bride and in one of them waited Sigismund. When Anna approached, he sent a beautifully decorated bridal coach to meet her. Between Sigismund\u2019s and Anna\u2019s tents, a golden canopy had been erected. The bridal couple met under it for the first time. The journey continued on into Krak\u00f3w. Sigismund was escorted by imperial officers. Queen Anna and her mother had taken their places in the bridal coach. The bridal couple was welcomed by altogether five bridal arches. \n\nThe marriage and coronation were held on 31 May in the cathedral in Krak\u00f3w. The day after, Queen Anna renounced all her claims to inheritance in Austria, which was also confirmed by \nSigismund. Festivities taking several days followed. Great expectations rested on the young bride\u2019s shoulders. The Habsburg family hoped that the bonds of friendship with the Polish royal house would be strengthened, and that a common alliance against the Ottoman Empire would thus be initiated. Hopes were also that the Queen with her strict Catholic upbringing would help to bring the Lutheran country of Sweden back to the Catholic religion.\nThe bridal couple spent their honeymoon at Lobshof near Krak\u00f3w. Afterwards, during their journey to Warsaw where parliament was to convene, Anna had the opportunity of seeing parts of her new homeland. Descriptions bear witness to the journey\u2019s passing through a poor country. Queen Anna continued her pious life in Poland. She fed the poor and sent money to her confessor to help with hospitals and housing for the poor.\n\nWhen Anna\u2019s father-in-law, Johan III, died in November 1592, Sigismund was firmly set on travelling to Sweden and joining in the government of his inherited kingdom. Queen Anna was equally firmly set on accompanying her husband. She was however pregnant and the journey had to wait. In the spring of 1593 she bore the couple\u2019s first child, a daughter who was given the name \nAnna Maria. In the summer, when the royal couple left for Sweden, the little newborn daughter remained in Poland. \n\nDuring her stay in Sweden, Queen Anna was politically important as Sigismund\u2019s confidante. Because of her strong Catholic faith, the question of religion soon became a vital issue. There was no Catholic church in the whole of Sweden and the queen attended her morning mass in the former court chapel. After his father\u2019s death, Sigismund planned on demanding to use the great court church. Besides, the coronation ceremony itself was a great impediment. Sigismund wanted to employ a Catholic priest in Uppsala, which many people, with Duke Karl in the lead, opposed. At Drottningholm Castle, Sigismund had his mother\u2019s chapel put in order and entrusted it to a Jesuit. Queen Anna kept to her habit of feeding twelve poor people every week, which awoke wonderment in Sweden. \n\nThe clergy in Sweden were worried that the young queen\u2019s popularity would increase. Duke Karl\ndid his best to blacken his nephew\u2019s name. There was unrest in the country and in this spirit, the royal couple travelled to Uppsala to bury Johan III. There were also differences of opinion concerning the coronation procedure. Sigismund did not want to be crowned and anointed by a protestant bishop, but he was compelled to back down in the face of protestant demands. That dismayed Queen Anna and the coronation felt like an empty ceremony to her, without religious content. \n\nThe coronation took place on 19 February 1594 in Uppsala. During it, Sigismund refused to take off his gloves when he was anointed. After him, Queen Anna was crowned. She had already decided in advance that she did not want to be anointed. Finally, a Te Deum was sung in Swedish. The coronation took over four hours and the queen, who was distressed by pregnancy problems, found no joy in it. At the banquet afterwards, the king and queen opened the dancing, and afterwards they retired to their suite. Ten days after the coronation in Uppsala, the royal couple returned to Stockholm. The unrest in Sweden had not calmed down and many were distrustful of their new king. Therefore it was impossible for Queen Anna and Sigismund to leave Sweden immediately, also since plans for government in the king\u2019s absence still had to be made. \n\nSigismund made his uncle, Duke Karl, his regent to govern with the Privy Council, but forbade him to call parliament together. The royal couple had to postpone their journey home on account of Queen Anna\u2019s pregnancy. Her delivery was calculated for the beginning of May and before that she was unable to travel. The delivery went well, but the child, her second daughter was weak. She was given an emergency baptism and died when barely one month old. Many were surprised that the queen did not seem to grieve for her child. It was explained that what kept her going was her total submission to God. Queen Anna was happy that her daughter had been baptised so that she did not die a heathen. At the same time, however, she saw her daughter\u2019s death as a punishment since she had not been baptised a Catholic. She had her dead child painted and herself managed her embalming and dress. The girl was laid in a tin coffin and transported to Poland, where she was buried in Krak\u00f3w.\nDuring her stay in Sweden, Queen Anna had longed for Poland since she could not feel truly content in a protestant country. She was thus glad when they were once again in Poland, in August. An heir to the throne did not appear immediately, but after a little more time, in 1595, Anna gave birth to a son, who was named Vladislaus (Vladislav).\n\nQueen Anna was deeply religious, and the Catholic faith was central in her life. She spent a lot of time in prayer, was generous with gifts that she communicated via her confessor to for example hospitals, churches and the poor. She has been described as calm, friendly and not at all vain. \nHer marriage with Sigismund, despite the fact that it was arranged, was happy and she was often his counsellor in political matters, even though she kept in the background.\n\nIn 1597, she lost yet another daughter, who did not even reach the age of one. During the winter of 1598, a severe influenza-like illness raged, and Queen Anna was infected. Her condition worsened radically and in February 1598 she died. After her death, the child with which she was pregnant was taken out of her body, a boy who showed weak signs of life. However, he died soon after his emergency baptism, when he was given the name Christoph. Sigismund grieved deeply over his wife and refused to wear shiny clothes for three years. When it was time to find a new wife, he bade his mother-in-law Maria for advice, and his second wife was Konstanze, Anna\u2019s younger sister.",
  "translator": {
    "firstname": "Margaret",
    "lastname": "Myers"
  },
  "url": "Annadrottning",
  "v_all_places": [
    "Graz, \u00d6sterrike|47.0708678|15.4382786",
    "Warszawa, Polen|52.22977|21.01178",
    "Stockholm|59.329323|18.068581",
    "Krak\u00f3w, Polen|50.06465|19.94498"
  ]
}